大学是创新产生的重要场所，然而大学科研人员创新成果所得应如何分配却是一个难题。本文作者考察了挪威2003年一项政策改革对大学科研人员创新积极性的影响。该法案大幅削减了科研人员所得。在此之前，在挪威大学工作的科研人员可以获得自已研究成果商业化的全部利益，而此后，商业利益的3分之2 由学校获得。虽然后者是世界主流模式，但该项改革对挪威大学研究人员的积极性打击巨大。本文作者收集了全挪威大学专利和员工创业的数据研究发现，该法案使得挪威大学科研人员的创业几率下降了50%，大学的人均专利申请数量也下降了48%，同时以专利引用数为度量的质量指标也降低了。可见经济激励对创新活动是十分重要的。
作者H.K.Hvide, B.F.Jones。University Innovation and the Professor’s Privilege， 工作论文，2016。简介：“National policies take varied approaches to encouraging university-based innovation. This paper studies a natural experiment: the end of the “professor’s privilege” in Norway, where university researchers previously enjoyed full rights to their innovations. Upon the reform, Norway moved toward the typical U.S. model, where the university holds majority rights. Using comprehensive data on Norwegian workers, firms, and patents, we find a 50% decline in both entrepreneurship and patenting rates by university researchers after the reform. Quality measures for university start-ups and patents also decline. Applications to literatures on university technology transfer, innovation incentives, and taxes and entrepreneurship are considered.”
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