注册 投稿
经济金融网 中国经济学教育科研网 中国经济学年会 EFN通讯社

经济学与其他制度对于就业的影响

主 讲 人:Professor Edmund PhelpsUniversity of Colombia
题目: Influence of Economics and Other Institutions on Employment经济学与其他制度对于就业的影响
时间: 2003年1月15号(星期三)下午2:00-4:00
地点: 北京大学中国经济研究中心万众楼二楼多功能厅
工作语言: 英语
联系电话: 62751475,62751474
 

主讲人简介:

1959年获耶鲁大学经济学博士学位,先后在纽约大学与宾西法尼亚大学任教,从1982年起担任美国哥伦比亚大学McVickar 政治经济学教授至今。他先后荣膺美国科学院与美国文理科学院的院士,国际计量经济学会的会员,美国经济学会1983年的副会长,2000年杰出资深会员等,是国际公认的凯恩斯与新凯恩斯主义宏观经济学大师。近年来主要致力于对劳动力市场的结构主义粘性,失业,工资与通货膨胀的分析。经典性的代表作包括《Phillips Curves, Expectations of Inflation and Optimal Unemployment Over Time》(1967),《Microeconomic Foundations of Employment and Inflation Theory》(1970),《Individual Forecasting and Aggregate Outcomes: Rational Expectation Reexamined》(1983),等等。

Edmund Phelps 教授对经济学的主要贡献简述

Edmund Phelps 教授是国际公认的凯恩斯主义与新凯恩斯主义宏观经济学的大师,他最有影响力的工作是在1960年代后期将基于理性预期的微观经济分析引入到宏观的就业理论与工资和价格动态上,从而为凯恩斯主义宏观经济学特别是就业与供给方面提供了一套"微观-宏观"分析方法,阐释了非均衡的理性微观基础。近年来,Edmund Phelps 教授致力于分析劳动力市场的结构主义粘性。他一生著述颇丰,根据他本人的归纳,主要的贡献为以下五点:

贡献之一:为凯恩斯主义宏观经济学提供崭新的供给方面的分析。

率先将微观上对于工资与价格的预期用来分析关于劳动与商品的供给的宏观选择,从而形成了引入预期的"均衡就业路径"这一重要概念。并且为劳动力市场的非出清提供了一个微观均衡解释。
 
这一方面的代表性著作包括:

"Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium," Journal of Political Economy, August 1968 (Part 2)

"Optimal Price Policy under Atomistic Competition," with Sidney Winter, in Phelps et al., Microeconomic Foundations of Employment and Inflation Theory (Norton, 1970)

"The New Microeconomics in Inflation and Employment Theory," American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, May 1969;

贡献之二:详细阐释了工资设定与价格设定的非同步模型,从而为新凯恩斯主义的兴起奠定了基础。

他与合作者Calvo、Taylor等人证明即使宏观冲击是公共可观测的,总价格与工资水平也并不是马上跳到最终调整水平上,这是因为厂商具有跨期或者滞后的价格与工资设定存在。这方面的论文包括:

"Disinflation without Recession," Weltwirtschaftsliches Archiv, December 1978

"Introduction: Developments in Non-Walrasian Theory," in my selected papers Studies in Macroeconomic Theory, Vol. 1 (Academic Press, 1979)

"Stabilizing Powers of Monetary Policy under Monetary Policy under Rational Expectations," with John Taylor, Journal of Political Economy, February 1977

贡献之三:近年来不断完善关于失业决定的结构主义模型,并率先引入真实资产,构建了跨期一般均衡的分析框架。

该框架可以用来分析真实需求,供给冲击,资本冲击,技术水平与技术进步率,税收与关税税率,真实利率与汇率等等因素对于均衡就业路经的影响。这一方面的论文包括:

The Slump in Europe, with J. P. Fitoussi, (Blackwell, 1988)

"Macroeconomic Shocks in a Dynamized Model of the Natural Rate of Unemployment," with Hian-Teck Hoon, American Economic Review, September 1992, and "Consumer Demand and Equilibrium Unemployment...," Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1992

"A Working Model of Slump and Recovery from Disturbances to Capital-Goods Demand...," American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 1988, "The Effects of Productivity, Total GDP Demand, and 'Incentive Wages' on Unemployment in a Non-Monetary Customer-Market Model of the Small Open Economy," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, March 1990, and "A Working Model of Slump and Recovery from Disturbances to Capital-Goods Demand in a Closed Non-Monetary Economy...," in Nicholas Kaldor and Mainstream Economics, Nell & Semmler, eds. (Macmillan, 1991)

这部分工作的综合与拓展可见《Structural Slumps:The Modern Equilibrium Theory of Unemployment, Interest, and Assets》一书。 

贡献之四:对于最优税收理论中的政策相关性的分析,诸如考察了税收收入最大化以及将最优税收理论的成果与方法运用于最优通货膨胀率的分析。这方面的代表作包括:

"Taxation of Wage Income for Economic Justice," Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1973, and "On the Concept of Optimal Taxation in the Overlapping-Generations Model of Economic Growth," with Janusz Ordover, Journal of Public Economics, August 1979

"Anticipated Inflation and Economic Welfare," Journal of Political Economy, February 1965, "Inflation in the Theory of Public Finance," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, March 1973, and Inflation Policy and Employment Theory

贡献之五:对于经济增长理论的贡献。特别是将社会在物质资本,教育,技术上的投资分开加以考虑,并分析了最优储蓄的福利经济学意义。这方面的代表作包括:

"The Golden Rule of Accumulation," American Economic Review, September 1961

"lnvestment in Humans, Technological Diffusion, and Economic Growth," American Economic Review, May 1966

"Models of Technical Progress and the Golden Rule of Research," Review of Economic Studies, April 1966.

(本文是王勇根据Edmund Phelps教授的自述《A View of My Scientific Work》编译的,更详细的介绍可在Edmund Phelps教授的哥伦比亚大学经济系个人主页上查到)

文章评论
关注我们

快速入口
回到顶部
深圳网站建设