此文又是用降雨作为冲击，不过看的问题还比较重要，否则不会成为MIT的应聘对象。工资是否具有粘性是新古典主义和凯恩斯主义理论的分野所在，如果这篇文章的发现是成立的，那么，凯恩斯就是对的。接下来的问题是，此文的发现是否具有一般性。下载地址：http://econ-www.mit.edu/files/7511
Nominal Wage Rigidity in Village Labor Markets∗
Supreet Kaur†
Version: January 15, 2012
Job Market Paper
Abstract
Wage and employment responses to rainfall shocks in 500 Indian districts from 1956-2008
provide evidence for downward nominal wage rigidity in markets for casual daily agricultural
labor. First, there is asymmetric wage adjustment to labor demand shocks: nominal wages rise
in response to positive shocks but do not fall during droughts. Second, after transitory positive
shocks have dissipated, nominal wages do not return to their previous levels—they remain high
in future years. Third, inflation moderates these effects: when inflation is higher, real wages
are more likely to be lower during droughts and after transitory positive shocks. Fourth, wage
distortions generate employment distortions: employment is lower in the year after a transitory
positive shock than if the positive shock had not occurred. Landless laborers experience a 6%
reduction in employment—twice as large as the employment decrease during a drought. Fifth,
consistent with separation failures, small households supply relatively more labor to their own
farms when they are rationed out of the external labor market. Sixth, there is some evidence
that wages are less rigid in areas where rigidity is likely to cause larger profit losses due to
crop characteristics. Finally, data from a new survey I conducted in two Indian states suggests
that agricultural workers and employers: view nominal wage cuts as unfair; are considerably
less likely to regard real wage cuts as unfair if they are achieved through inflation rather than
nominal cuts; and believe that nominal wage cuts cause effort reductions.
